What is IVF?

Clear, simple explanations of IVF and related treatments.

“Tube baby” explained

“Tube baby” is a common term used to describe a baby conceived through in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Eggs and sperm meet in the laboratory (“in vitro”), and one or more embryos are then transferred to the uterus.

How IVF works

  1. Ovarian stimulation – medications encourage multiple follicles to grow.
  2. Monitoring – ultrasound and blood tests track response.
  3. Egg retrieval – eggs are collected via a short procedure.
  4. Fertilisation – eggs and sperm are combined in the lab (IVF) or a single sperm is injected into each egg (ICSI).
  5. Embryo culture – embryos grow under carefully controlled conditions.
  6. Embryo transfer – one embryo (commonly) is placed into the uterus.
  7. Support and test – luteal support medications and a pregnancy test follow.

Related treatments

ICSI

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a single sperm is injected into an egg. Often used in severe male‑factor infertility.

IUI

Intrauterine insemination: prepared sperm is placed directly into the uterus around ovulation.

PGT

Preimplantation genetic testing can screen embryos for specific chromosomal or genetic conditions.

Who might consider IVF?

  • Tubal factor or unexplained infertility
  • Male‑factor infertility
  • Fertility preservation needs
  • After other treatments such as IUI

Information here is educational and not a substitute for personalised medical advice.